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Pharm Sci. 2023;29(1): 123-132.
doi: 10.34172/PS.2022.16

Scopus ID: 85154066889
  Abstract View: 624
  PDF Download: 390

Research Article

Phytochemical and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of Five Colombian Plants with Ethnopharmacological Background of Antimalarial Use

Jorge Enrique Hernández-Carvajal 1,2 ORCID logo, María Helena Arias-Marciales 1 ORCID logo, José Octavio García 3, Yoshie Adriana Hata-Uribe 1 ORCID logo, Giovanny Garavito-Cárdenas 1 ORCID logo, Pilar Ester Luengas Caicedo 1,3* ORCID logo

1 Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
2 Universidad Santiago de Cali – Campus Pampalinda, Facultad de Ciencias, Programa de Farmacia, Cali, Colombia.
3 Uitoto representative, Comunidad Ciudad Hitoma, Km 7 Via Leticia - Tarapaca, Leticia, Colombia (RIP).
*Corresponding Author: Email: peluengasc@unal.edu.co

Abstract

Background: The study of medicinal plants has made it possible to develop products and drugs for the treatment of different diseases. Several plants in Colombia have a history of popular use for the treatment of malaria. The objective of this work was to provide information on the antiplasmodic and phytochemical activity of five neotropical native plants with a folk use for the treatment of malaria.
Methods: The ethanolic extract of each species was obtained by percolation method and characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum (strain FCR-3, chloroquine-resistant).
Results: Ethanolic extracts of Ambelania duckey, Cecropia metensis, Cecropia membranacea, and Verbena littoralis showed no activity. However, Curarea toxicofera extract exhibited an IC50 of 7.6 ± 3.9 μg/mL and was classified as moderately active. Most extracts show hemolytic concentration (CH50) > 1000 μg/ mL). A preliminary phytochemical study was carried out using tube analysis, TLC, HPLC, and 1H-NMR. Steroids or triterpenes, and phenolic compounds were detected by TLC in all extracts. These findings were confirmed by characteristic aliphatic and aromatic signals in 1H-NMR spectra, corresponding to triterpenes and phenolics, respectively. Additionally, alkaloids were extracted from C. toxicofera and detected by aromatic signals in 1H-NMR spectra.
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of C. toxicofera showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 of 7.6 ± 3.9 μg/mL); this activity may be due to the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. The ethanol extracts of A. duckey, C. membranacea, C. metensis, and V. littoralis did not present antiplasmodial activity.

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Submitted: 24 Nov 2021
Revision: 01 Mar 2022
Accepted: 29 Mar 2022
ePublished: 06 Apr 2022
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