Ferah Comert Onder
1* 
, Sevil Kalin
2, Nebahat Sahin
2, Gulce Davutlar
2, Khaled A.N. Abusharkh
3,4, Ozlem Maraba
2, Rabia Selina Hal
5, Mehmet Ay
3*, Lutfun Nahar
6* , Satyajit D. Sarker
71 Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
2 Department of Medical System Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Graduate Students, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
3 Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
4 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Quds University, Faculty of Science and Technology, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
5 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
6 Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
7 Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of cancers, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, glucose metabolism disorder and diabetes has increased alarmingly which demands more research into the discovery of new drug candidates to treat these human diseases. Main phytochemicals from Humulus lupulus L. (hops) have been demonstrated to have positive impacts on human health, and prenylated flavonoids are one of the major groups of bioactive phytochemicals found in this plant. Thus, this review summarizes the role of major prenylated components in hops in human diseases including cancer, inflammation and viral infections. In silico studies of prenylated bioactive compounds against various drug targets such as histone deactylases (HDACs), sirtuins (SIRTs), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the molecular molecular interactions between protein and ligand have also been included. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies on these compounds are highlighted. This review concludes that the prenylated phytochemicals from H. lupulus L., including xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IXN), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN), have promising roles in human health and may contribute to new drug discovery and development.