Samin Mohammadi
1,2,3 
, Behzad Jafari
4, Samira Pourtaghi Anvarian
1,5, Hossein Nazemiyeh
2,6, Solmaz Asnaashari
7, Abbas Delazar
2,3, Parina Asgharian
2,3* 1 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
5 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
6 Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
7 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract
Phlomoides (L.) Moench belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has recently undergone significant changes in taxonomy, with many species from Eremostachys and Phlomis added to the genus. The aforementioned species were studied in terms of morphological and phytochemical systematics. Species of Phlomoides are distinguished from Phlomis by their densely bearded upper corolla lip and nutlet. However, Eremostachys and Phlomoides have a lot in common morphologically. Plant chemosystematics present iridoids, phenylethanoids, and furanolabdanes as dominant constituents of Phlomoides species. Long-term traditional uses, such as bone fracture therapy, local analgesic, and wound healing actions, pique researchers' interest in these plants. The species and their secondary metabolites have been implicated in drug discovery by their anti-inflammatory and bone-development properties in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. A review of the taxonomic status based on phytochemical and morphological characteristics, as well as the clinical importance of the Phlomoides genus, is presented in the current study to provide a basis for further investigations.