Bohlul Habibi-Asl
1, Haleh Vaez
1, Nastaran Aghaie
2, Saeed Hasanpour-Aghdam
2, Alireza Parvizpur
1, Mohammad Charkhpur
1, Javad Mahmoudi
3, Tahereh Eteraf-Oskouei
1, Saba Pishdad
2, Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
4،5*1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2 Student R esearch Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical S ciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center and D epartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
5 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical S ciences, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Clinical use of Morphine in pain management is a controversial issue and long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependency and tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attenuation effects of Magnesium sulfate and Amitriptyline on the development of Morphine-induced dependency and tolerance. Methods: In this study different groups of mice were received saline (10 mL/kg,ip), Morphine (50 mg/kg,ip), Magnesium sulfate (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg,ip), Amitriptyline (5, 10 and 15 or 20 mg/kg,ip), or combination of Magnesium sulfate (20 mg/kg,ip) and Amitriptyline (5 mg/kg,ip) once a day for 4 and 10 continues days, respectively for investigation of the effects of Magnesium sulfate and Amitriptyline on the prevention of dependency and tolerance. Tolerance was assessed by administration of Morphine (9 mg/kg,ip) and using hot plate test on eleventh day. Withdrawal symptoms were assessed in fifth day by administration of naloxone (4 mg/kg,ip), 2 hrs after last dose of Morphine during 30 minutes for each animal. Results: It was found that pretreatment with Magnesium sulfate or Amitriptyline decreased the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive action of Morphine and also reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumps and standing on feet. Additionally, pretreatment by co-administration of Magnesium sulfate and Amitriptyline, before morphine administration, decreased the dependency and tolerance more significantly. Conclusion: From these results it could be concluded that pretreatment of Magnesium sulfate via blocking the N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor-operated calcium channel and Amitriptyline by Glutamate transporter activation property alone or in combination could prevent the development of Morphine-induced dependency and tolerance.