Abstract
Clarithromycin is a semi synthetic antibiotic from
macrolid group that bind to 50 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and
inhibit essential bacterial protein synthesis.
The purpose of this study is to prepare Clarithromycin-PLGA nanoparticles and to
evaluate their antibacterial properties. Methods: Modified Quasi
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion (MQESD) method was applied to prepare the
Clarithromycin nanoparticles. Clarithromycin and PLGA were dissolved in acetone
as a water miscible solvent and added to aqueous phase containing PVA2% as
emulsifier and stabilizer agent, under homogenization. This led to formation of
a quasi emulsion that contains Clarithromycin and PLGA and acetone in the inner
phase. The microbial culture
method was used to compare the effectiveness of nanosuspensions with untreated
drug. Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1112 and Salmonella typhi PTCC
1609 were used in this method. Minimum inhibitory concentration of
clarithromycin nanosuspension was compared to those of clarithromycin solution.
Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration of nanosuspensions in
comparison with those of drug solution was significantly higher. This increased
potency of formulated nanosuspensions is perhaps related to increased drug
adsorption as well as lower drug degradation and modified surface
characteristics. Conclusion: Our results indicate that clarithromycin in the form
of nanosuspension has better antibacterial effect in comparison with untreated drug
in the same drug concentration.