Abstract
Background: Analysis of chemicals in biological fluids is required
in many areas of medical sciences. Rapid, highly efficient, and reliable
dispersive and air assisted liquid–liquid microextraction methods followed by
gas chromatography-flame ionization detection were developed for the
extraction, preconcentration, and determination of 2-octanone in human plasma and
urine samples.
Methods: Proteins of plasma
samples are precipitated by adding methanol and urine sample is diluted with
water prior to performing the microextraction procedure. Fine organic solvent
droplets are formed by repeated suction and injection of the mixture of sample
solution and extraction solvent into a test tube with a glass syringe. After
extraction, phase separation is performed by centrifuging and the enriched
analyte in the sedimented organic phase is determined by the separation system.
The main factors influencing the extraction efficiency including extraction
solvent type and volume, salt addition, pH, and extraction times are
investigated.
Results: Under the optimized conditions, the proposed
method showed good precision (relative standard deviation less than 7%). Limit
of detection and lower limit of quantification for 2-octanone were obtained in
the range of 0.1–0.5 µg mL−1. The linear ranges were 0.5-500
and 0.5-200 µg mL−1 in plasma and urine, respectively (r2
≥ 0.9995). Enrichment factors were in the range of 13-37. Good recoveries
(55–86%) were obtained for the spiked samples.
Conclusion: Preconcentration
methods coupled with GC analysis were developed and could be used to monitor
2-octanone in biological samples.