﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tabriz University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Pharmaceutical Sciences</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>1735-403X</Issn>
      <Volume>32</Volume>
      <Issue>4</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="ppublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>10</Month>
        <DAY>31</DAY>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <ArticleTitle>Nanomicelle-Based Sublingual Film for Repaglinide Delivery: Formulation, Optimization, and In Vitro Evaluation</ArticleTitle>
    <FirstPage>602</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>610</LastPage>
    <ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.34172/ps.43837</ELocationID>
    <Language>EN</Language>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Zainab Ahmed</FirstName>
        <LastName>Sadeq</LastName>
        <Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6659-4386</Identifier>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Lubna Abdalkarim</FirstName>
        <LastName>Sabri</LastName>
        <Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-6645</Identifier>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
    <ArticleIdList>
      <ArticleId IdType="doi">10.34172/ps.43837</ArticleId>
    </ArticleIdList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>20</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>04</Month>
        <Day>01</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <Abstract>Introduction: Repaglinide is an antidiabetic agent classified as a meglitinide. It exhibits poor solubility and high permeability, categorizing it as a Class II drug according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Its poor water solubility contributes to its limited oral bioavailability. Methods: In this study, the dissolution rate of repaglinide was improved through the nanomicelles (NMs) formation and converting these NMs into a sublingual film (SLF) for its rapid disintegration, and ease of administration. The thin film hydration method was employed for the preparation of repaglinide micellar dispersions using Soluplus® and poloxamer 338. Furthermore, repaglinide NM-loaded SLF were developed via the solvent casting technique. The Box-Behnken design was used to study the effect of different formulation parameters on film disintegration time and percentage elongation (E%). Results: The optimized formulation exhibited a desirability value of 0.73, with a disintegration time of 23 seconds and a percentage elongation of 17%. Drug release was significantly enhanced, achieving 100% release within 10 minutes, whereas the conventional film demonstrated only 31% release over the same period. Conclusion: The developed NM-loaded SLF represents a promising approach for enhancing the release of repaglinide, potentially improving its oral delivery and therapeutic performance.  </Abstract>
    <ObjectList>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Repaglinide</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Box-Behnken design</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Polyvinyl alcohol</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Film casting method</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Disintegration time</Param>
      </Object>
    </ObjectList>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>